Language Modes Essay Example for Free

Language Modes Essay Language expressions is the term regularly utilized by teachers to portray the educational plan region that incorporates four methods of language: tuning in, talking, perusing, and composing. Language expressions instructing comprises an especially significant region in educator training, since tuning in, talking, perusing, and composing pervade the educational plan; they are basic to learning and to the showing of learning in each substance region. Instructors are accused of managing understudies toward capability in these four language modes, which can be investigated in a few different ways. Tuning in and communicating in include oral language and are frequently alluded to as essential modes since they are gained normally in home and network conditions before kids come to class. Perusing and composing, the composed language modes, are gained in an unexpected way. Despite the fact that kids from educated conditions frequently come to class with impressive information about printed language, perusing and composing are generally viewed as the schools duty and are officially instructed. An alternate method of collection the language modes is as indicated by the handling engaged with their utilization. Talking and composing require developing messages and passing on them to others through language. Consequently they are expressive modes. Tuning in and perusing, then again, are progressively responsive modes; they include developing significance from messages that originate from others language. (For the individuals who are hard of hearing, visual and spatial language modesâ€watching and signingâ€replace oral language modes. At the point when one thinks about how youngsters learn and use language, in any case, these divisions become to some degree counterfeit. Whatever we mark them, all modes include correspondence and development of importance. In compelling language expressions educating, a few modes are normally utilized in every movement or set of related exercises. For instance, understudies in writing gatherings may understand writing, talk about it, and expound on it accordingly diaries. In 1976 Walter Loban distributed an investigation of the language development of 338 understudies who were seen from kindergarten through evaluation twelve. He discovered positive relationships among the four language modes both as far as how understudies created competency in each, and of how well understudies eventually utilized them. His examination showed the between connections among the four language modes and affected teachers to address and all the more completely coordinate every one of them four in study halls. Models of Language Arts Instruction Many changes in language expressions guidance have occurred in American schools since 1980. To comprehend these changes, one must be acquainted with the three fundamental models that have offered ascend to varieties in language expressions educational program throughout the years: the legacy model, the skills model, and the procedure or understudy focused model. Each model establishes a conviction framework about the structure and substance of guidance that prompts certain instructional methodologies and strategies. The legacy model, for instance, mirrors the conviction that the reason for language expressions guidance is to transmit the qualities and conventions of the way of life through the investigation of an endless supply of writing. It additionally centers around settled upon modes and classifications of composing, to be aced through guided composing encounters. The abilities model, then again, exudes from the conviction that the central motivation behind language expressions guidance is to create dominance of a chain of importance of language-related aptitudes (especially in perusing and writing) in the student. This model backers the educating of these aptitudes in a foreordained arrangement, by and large through utilization of basal perusers and evaluated language expressions course books in which the instructional exercises mirror this direction. Most of grown-ups in this nation presumably experienced rudimentary level language expressions guidance that was situated in the abilities model, trailed by secondary school English guidance that basically mirrored the legacy model. Guidance in both of these models relies vigorously upon the utilization of sequenced educational plans, messages, and tests. The third model of language expressions guidance, the procedure model, is very unique in relation to the next two models. The educational program isn't dictated by writings and tests; rather, this model anxieties the support of language forms that lead to development in the language abilities (both composed and oral) of understudies, just as presentation to expansive substance. The interests and needs of the understudies, alongside the information and interests of the educator, decide the particular educational program. Consequently understanding materials, composing sorts and themes, and conversation exercises will change from study hall to study hall and even from understudy to understudy inside a study hall. Credible evaluation is the standard in these study halls, that is, appraisal that develops from the genuine language work of the understudies as opposed to from formal tests. Plainly the procedure model prompts more adaptable and fluctuated educational plan and guidance than the other two models. While the legacy and capabilities models have gone under analysis for being excessively unbending and inert to understudy contrasts, the procedure model has been condemned as excessively unstructured and conflicting to reliably give all understudies adequate establishing in language substance and abilities. In reality, instructors of language expressions for the most part endeavor to enable their understudies to create capability in language use, create comprehension of their own and different societies, and experience and practice the procedures of perusing and composing. In this manner it appears that the three models are not totally unrelated. They do, in any case, reflect various needs and accentuations, and most instructors, schools, and additionally educational systems adjust convictions and practices essentially with some model. Concentrate on Outcomes From a chronicled point of view, checked moves in language expressions guidance have occurred. In the mid twentieth century, course books and doled out readings, composing assignments, and tests came to rule the language expressions educational program. Guidance was described by a lot of investigation of language and writings, on the hypothesis that training in examining language and drill in right structures would lead understudies to improved utilization of language and capability in perusing, composing, and talk. Guidance was completely instructor driven; writing and composing themes were chosen by the educator; spelling, sentence structure, and handwriting were educated as particular subjects; and composing was overwhelmingly adjusted yet sometimes truly instructed as in piece is regularly instructed today. During the 1980s a move toward the procedure model rose underway of numerous language expressions scholars and the distributed acts of some powerful educators including Donald Graves, Lucy M. Calkins, and Nancie Atwell. In 1987 the National Council of Teachers of English and the Modern Language Association supported a Coalition of English Associations Conference. Instructive pioneers from all levels met up at the meeting to examine over a wide span of time language expressions instructing and to propose bearings and objectives to control the educating of language expressions in the years paving the way to and moving into the twenty-first century. The meeting report indicated the perfect results of viable language expressions guidance, as far as the language information, capacities, and mentalities of understudies. These results were to a great extent process situated, as outlined by the accompanying instances of results for understudies leaving the rudimentary evaluations, as revealed by William Teale in Stories to Grow On (1989): * They will be perusers and scholars, people who discover delight and fulfillment in perusing and composing, and who make those exercises a significant piece of their regular daily existences. * They will utilize language to get themselves as well as other people and understand their reality. As a methods for considering their lives, they will take part in such exercises as recounting and hearing stories, understanding books and verse, and keeping diaries. Standards to direct educational program improvement advanced from the meeting members settled upon understudy results, and, similar to the results, the standards were expansive and process-centered. For instance, two of the first standards are: Curriculum ought to advance from a sound research information base and The language expressions educational program ought to be student focused. Elaborations on these and other educational plan objectives digressed from before suggestions in that they included study hall based ethnographic research, or activity look into, just as conventional essential research in the information base that illuminates the instructing regarding language expressions. There was additionally understanding that course books serve best as assets for exercises, however that the best language expressions educational programs are not content driven; rather they are made by singular instructors for fluctuating networks of understudies.

The Discursive Management of Financial Risk Scandals Case Study

The Discursive Management of Financial Risk Scandals - Case Study Example Hamilton (2003) ascribed Enron’s inability to a culture of arrogance that drove the general public when all is said in done and market analysts in explicit to purchase the possibility that it had the ability to deal with complex corporate dangers in a fruitful way. All things considered, Enron’s corporate culture was less worried about propelling the morals of regard and trustworthiness. These significant qualities were neglected in an efficient procedure which saw the firm move its concentration to the precept of subsidiarity and amplification of benefits at any expense. By keeping each Enron division self-sufficient from the others, Hamilton (2003) noticed that the monetary controllers and their nearest inside partners just knew about the master plan of Enron’s money related position. I concur with Hamilton on the purposes behind Enron’s destruction. This is particularly obvious thinking about that overreliance on decentralization by an enormous organization in a situation where there are insufficient operational and financial controls is typically connected with disappointment. What's more, the apparently redirected, hands-off organization board including the director was a formula for budgetary disappointment, as they couldn't start sufficient governing rules on the official chiefs, for example, Skilling (Ailon, 2012). As a result, the bookkeeping staffs, inspectors, and friends legal advisors similarly flopped in their commands. In the long run, the company’s complex budgetary records turned out to be so befuddling to people in general, the investors and even the turn specialists, henceforth the disappointment. Regardless of Enron’s emotional move to officially concede liquidation in 2001, the disappointment didn't happen coincidentally. As indicated by Temple (2014), there were a few presuppositions to the occasion including a business culture that produced voracity and trick while keeping up corrective worth as opposed to genuine worth. Following theâ merger, the company’s resources massively extended to a degree that it was positioned seventh among the best ten American organizations as far as income. Dealing with the gigantic resources normally doesn't need any type of unsafe speculations and deception of budget reports as Enron did before its collapse.â

How to Buy History Papers Online

How to Buy History Papers OnlineHistory is a truly priceless thing; a person's past can tell us a lot about the person, the character and the way he/she acted in the past. Knowing the past of our great leaders and people of our ancestors can tell us about their character and if they were good, bad or indifferent in the past. Knowledge of the past allows us to understand better what we are doing in the present.Well, if you are an expert in this field and if you are aware of how to buy history papers online, then there is no doubt that you are a person who understands the value of this kind of information. And it is good for you to know the whole process of researching such as buying the history papers from where they are going to be printed, the time frame they are required for printing, the format of paper they need to be printed in, the budget they have to be paid for and the quality of print they require. For this, you need to read all the needed instructions and policies of any ag ency before you decide to buy it from them.If you wish to research history papers in different countries, you must make sure that the papers are being written according to the country's culture. You can always opt for newspapers and magazines that are available in different countries. Some of these publications have some pictures and articles about the country and its customs and traditions, which can provide you with fascinating information about the country and its customs. This will make it easier for you to find the relevant information for your purpose.When you are ready to buy history papers online, the first thing you need to do is to make a list of the history papers that you want to buy. This list should include all those papers that have a direct relevance to your country or your research subjects. After that, you must take a short tour through the websites of the various agencies, and you must identify the sections where you want to find information on the history of your country or your subjects. After identifying these sections, you must select the paper that you want to purchase, and there is no need to keep yourself clueless about the section of history that you want to buy.Another important step in buying history papers online is to select a company that has a good reputation in the industry. You must be very careful in choosing a company because some companies are scams and some companies may be frauds. Take the help of history websites, the history magazines and the journals, and also check the websites of national news agencies to verify whether the company is legitimate or not. After confirming that it is legit, then you should go through the policies of the company to get an idea about their service level.After buying history papers online, you should print the papers at the office of the printer and then place them under the signature file in the catalog of the office. The company may ask you to put the copy in its inventory or they may w ant you to give them the list of persons or organizations that you want to be included in the history of your country or subjects. In either case, you need to follow their instructions to buy history papers online.After buying history papers online, you should see that they are printed and you can use them for some of your research topics. The next step is to print them into magazines or newspapers and distribute them to the various history organizations, libraries and newspapers so that the historical information in your country can reach the entire world. Now you can finish the job of writing history and research of your country.

Three Dimensional Facial Reconstruction ( Gupta Et Al

Three-Dimensional Facial Reconstruction Similar to the two-dimensional approach, a forensic artist and anthropologist are essential in three-dimensional facial reconstruction (Gupta et al., 2015). Initiating the three-dimensional reconstruction techniques, clay or plastic have been typically used to make replication of skulls (Decker, S., Davy-Jow, S., Faraut, P., Ford, J., Hilbelink, D. Neville, W., 2013). This clay or plastic replication method still utilizes soft facial tissue depth markers in order to determine landmarks of the face (Nelson, L.A. Michael, S.D., 1998). In order to create a replication of the face, pieces of clay or plastic is then placed in-between the landmarks that are identified until the face is filled, or close to being filled (Nelson, L.A. Michael, S.D., 1998). The process of clay or plastic replication producing a three-dimensional approximation of what the individual looks like is outlined in Appendix B. There are multiple approaches to manual three-di mensional facial approximation. According to Gupta et al. (2015) there three subparts to this approach. The first subpart, â€Å"Anthropometrical American Method/ Tissue Depth Method†, is a technique in which â€Å"fine measurements were obtained by the use of needles, X-rays or ultrasound†¦ facial muscles are recorded in proper anatomical manner† (Gupta et al., 2015, 27). A second subpart is the â€Å"Anatomical Russian Method† which was developed by Gerasimov (Gupta et al., 2015, 27). In this application,Show MoreRelatedAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Facial Reconstruction1279 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper will examine the use and application of forensic facial reconstruction. Through topics such as its use in the identification process, discussion of soft tissue thickness, the subjectivity of practitioners, and the reliability and accuracy of these techniques, this paper will hopefully address many strengths and weaknesses found within the practice of forensic facial reconstruction. Description Forensic facial reconstruction is a technique that combines scientific methods and artisticRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesand current. The concepts discussed are relatively simple and intuitive. As you study each chapter we suggest you try to grasp not only how things work, but why things work. You are encouraged to use the text as a handbook as you move through the three levels of competency: I know. I can do. I can adapt to new situations. Project management is both people and technical oriented. Project management involves understanding the cause-effect relationships and interactions among the sociotechnical dimensions

Three Dimensional Facial Reconstruction ( Gupta Et Al

Three-Dimensional Facial Reconstruction Similar to the two-dimensional approach, a forensic artist and anthropologist are essential in three-dimensional facial reconstruction (Gupta et al., 2015). Initiating the three-dimensional reconstruction techniques, clay or plastic have been typically used to make replication of skulls (Decker, S., Davy-Jow, S., Faraut, P., Ford, J., Hilbelink, D. Neville, W., 2013). This clay or plastic replication method still utilizes soft facial tissue depth markers in order to determine landmarks of the face (Nelson, L.A. Michael, S.D., 1998). In order to create a replication of the face, pieces of clay or plastic is then placed in-between the landmarks that are identified until the face is filled, or close to being filled (Nelson, L.A. Michael, S.D., 1998). The process of clay or plastic replication producing a three-dimensional approximation of what the individual looks like is outlined in Appendix B. There are multiple approaches to manual three-di mensional facial approximation. According to Gupta et al. (2015) there three subparts to this approach. The first subpart, â€Å"Anthropometrical American Method/ Tissue Depth Method†, is a technique in which â€Å"fine measurements were obtained by the use of needles, X-rays or ultrasound†¦ facial muscles are recorded in proper anatomical manner† (Gupta et al., 2015, 27). A second subpart is the â€Å"Anatomical Russian Method† which was developed by Gerasimov (Gupta et al., 2015, 27). In this application,Show MoreRelatedAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Facial Reconstruction1279 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper will examine the use and application of forensic facial reconstruction. Through topics such as its use in the identification process, discussion of soft tissue thickness, the subjectivity of practitioners, and the reliability and accuracy of these techniques, this paper will hopefully address many strengths and weaknesses found within the practice of forensic facial reconstruction. Description Forensic facial reconstruction is a technique that combines scientific methods and artisticRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesand current. The concepts discussed are relatively simple and intuitive. As you study each chapter we suggest you try to grasp not only how things work, but why things work. You are encouraged to use the text as a handbook as you move through the three levels of competency: I know. I can do. I can adapt to new situations. Project management is both people and technical oriented. Project management involves understanding the cause-effect relationships and interactions among the sociotechnical dimensions

Three Dimensional Facial Reconstruction ( Gupta Et Al

Three-Dimensional Facial Reconstruction Similar to the two-dimensional approach, a forensic artist and anthropologist are essential in three-dimensional facial reconstruction (Gupta et al., 2015). Initiating the three-dimensional reconstruction techniques, clay or plastic have been typically used to make replication of skulls (Decker, S., Davy-Jow, S., Faraut, P., Ford, J., Hilbelink, D. Neville, W., 2013). This clay or plastic replication method still utilizes soft facial tissue depth markers in order to determine landmarks of the face (Nelson, L.A. Michael, S.D., 1998). In order to create a replication of the face, pieces of clay or plastic is then placed in-between the landmarks that are identified until the face is filled, or close to being filled (Nelson, L.A. Michael, S.D., 1998). The process of clay or plastic replication producing a three-dimensional approximation of what the individual looks like is outlined in Appendix B. There are multiple approaches to manual three-di mensional facial approximation. According to Gupta et al. (2015) there three subparts to this approach. The first subpart, â€Å"Anthropometrical American Method/ Tissue Depth Method†, is a technique in which â€Å"fine measurements were obtained by the use of needles, X-rays or ultrasound†¦ facial muscles are recorded in proper anatomical manner† (Gupta et al., 2015, 27). A second subpart is the â€Å"Anatomical Russian Method† which was developed by Gerasimov (Gupta et al., 2015, 27). In this application,Show MoreRelatedAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Facial Reconstruction1279 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper will examine the use and application of forensic facial reconstruction. Through topics such as its use in the identification process, discussion of soft tissue thickness, the subjectivity of practitioners, and the reliability and accuracy of these techniques, this paper will hopefully address many strengths and weaknesses found within the practice of forensic facial reconstruction. Description Forensic facial reconstruction is a technique that combines scientific methods and artisticRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesand current. The concepts discussed are relatively simple and intuitive. As you study each chapter we suggest you try to grasp not only how things work, but why things work. You are encouraged to use the text as a handbook as you move through the three levels of competency: I know. I can do. I can adapt to new situations. Project management is both people and technical oriented. Project management involves understanding the cause-effect relationships and interactions among the sociotechnical dimensions

Three Dimensional Facial Reconstruction ( Gupta Et Al

Three-Dimensional Facial Reconstruction Similar to the two-dimensional approach, a forensic artist and anthropologist are essential in three-dimensional facial reconstruction (Gupta et al., 2015). Initiating the three-dimensional reconstruction techniques, clay or plastic have been typically used to make replication of skulls (Decker, S., Davy-Jow, S., Faraut, P., Ford, J., Hilbelink, D. Neville, W., 2013). This clay or plastic replication method still utilizes soft facial tissue depth markers in order to determine landmarks of the face (Nelson, L.A. Michael, S.D., 1998). In order to create a replication of the face, pieces of clay or plastic is then placed in-between the landmarks that are identified until the face is filled, or close to being filled (Nelson, L.A. Michael, S.D., 1998). The process of clay or plastic replication producing a three-dimensional approximation of what the individual looks like is outlined in Appendix B. There are multiple approaches to manual three-di mensional facial approximation. According to Gupta et al. (2015) there three subparts to this approach. The first subpart, â€Å"Anthropometrical American Method/ Tissue Depth Method†, is a technique in which â€Å"fine measurements were obtained by the use of needles, X-rays or ultrasound†¦ facial muscles are recorded in proper anatomical manner† (Gupta et al., 2015, 27). A second subpart is the â€Å"Anatomical Russian Method† which was developed by Gerasimov (Gupta et al., 2015, 27). In this application,Show MoreRelatedAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Facial Reconstruction1279 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper will examine the use and application of forensic facial reconstruction. Through topics such as its use in the identification process, discussion of soft tissue thickness, the subjectivity of practitioners, and the reliability and accuracy of these techniques, this paper will hopefully address many strengths and weaknesses found within the practice of forensic facial reconstruction. Description Forensic facial reconstruction is a technique that combines scientific methods and artisticRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesand current. The concepts discussed are relatively simple and intuitive. As you study each chapter we suggest you try to grasp not only how things work, but why things work. You are encouraged to use the text as a handbook as you move through the three levels of competency: I know. I can do. I can adapt to new situations. Project management is both people and technical oriented. Project management involves understanding the cause-effect relationships and interactions among the sociotechnical dimensions

Three Dimensional Facial Reconstruction ( Gupta Et Al

Three-Dimensional Facial Reconstruction Similar to the two-dimensional approach, a forensic artist and anthropologist are essential in three-dimensional facial reconstruction (Gupta et al., 2015). Initiating the three-dimensional reconstruction techniques, clay or plastic have been typically used to make replication of skulls (Decker, S., Davy-Jow, S., Faraut, P., Ford, J., Hilbelink, D. Neville, W., 2013). This clay or plastic replication method still utilizes soft facial tissue depth markers in order to determine landmarks of the face (Nelson, L.A. Michael, S.D., 1998). In order to create a replication of the face, pieces of clay or plastic is then placed in-between the landmarks that are identified until the face is filled, or close to being filled (Nelson, L.A. Michael, S.D., 1998). The process of clay or plastic replication producing a three-dimensional approximation of what the individual looks like is outlined in Appendix B. There are multiple approaches to manual three-di mensional facial approximation. According to Gupta et al. (2015) there three subparts to this approach. The first subpart, â€Å"Anthropometrical American Method/ Tissue Depth Method†, is a technique in which â€Å"fine measurements were obtained by the use of needles, X-rays or ultrasound†¦ facial muscles are recorded in proper anatomical manner† (Gupta et al., 2015, 27). A second subpart is the â€Å"Anatomical Russian Method† which was developed by Gerasimov (Gupta et al., 2015, 27). In this application,Show MoreRelatedAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Facial Reconstruction1279 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper will examine the use and application of forensic facial reconstruction. Through topics such as its use in the identification process, discussion of soft tissue thickness, the subjectivity of practitioners, and the reliability and accuracy of these techniques, this paper will hopefully address many strengths and weaknesses found within the practice of forensic facial reconstruction. Description Forensic facial reconstruction is a technique that combines scientific methods and artisticRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesand current. The concepts discussed are relatively simple and intuitive. As you study each chapter we suggest you try to grasp not only how things work, but why things work. You are encouraged to use the text as a handbook as you move through the three levels of competency: I know. I can do. I can adapt to new situations. Project management is both people and technical oriented. Project management involves understanding the cause-effect relationships and interactions among the sociotechnical dimensions

Regulating Interest Rates as a Solution to the Recession...

Today’s financial crisis has deeply impacted all areas of life not only in the United States, but also the rest of the world. Company giants such as Circuit City ® and Merrill Lynch ® have fallen victim to the financial crisis. One of the biggest industries the financial crisis has had an impact on has been the housing market. Everyday newspapers, journal articles, and television media cover stories regarding foreclosures around the country. To regain financial control of the world and domestic economy, one must begin with the housing market. There are various areas of the housing market, which allow for overhaul and maintain a prosperous future. Regulating bank interest rates and federal interest rates will reduce, if not eliminate the†¦show more content†¦By repaying their debt, this helps the banking industry, which in turn strengthens the economy. This is a win-win situation because everyone benefits from it: the consumer improves his or her credit worthiness in order to purchase a home at a later time, the banking industry does not lose out on loaned money in either the short or long term, and home buyers will be able to enter an agreement with the lender knowing beforehand that their interest rate will not rise at any point, thus making it affordable. For people who are currently in an ARM, the banking industry should allow them to transfer to a fixed-rate loan that allows affordability to the consumer without jeopardizing loss of money on the banking industry. The banking industry should also be flexible regarding requests by its home owners. Some people are beginning to realize ahead of time that eventually they will not able to afford the house they are living in. One solution might be to allow the flexibility such as lowering payments for a specified amount of time such as one or two years. Affordability is the main idea to a homeowner. If a mortgage is affordable, most likely a homeowner will continue to make his or her payments o n time and not foreclose on the home. For example, if a person is paying $1,000 per month in mortgage and is not able to afford this amount, by allowing them to reduce their payments to $800 on a two-year agreement, the bank will temporarily loseShow MoreRelatedInsight From Theory And History1638 Words   |  7 Pagesaddition to borrowing money in an effort to slow the recession, the government used strategies of classical economic theory proposed by Adam Smith. One of the main ideas of Classical economic theory is to reduce the amount of spending by the government in and effort to balance the budgets. In response to these efforts of the government to restore the economy John Maynard Keynes laid out his economic ideas in the book The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. He critiques the ideas of classicalRead MoreAnalysis of â€Å"the Global Financial Crisis: Causes, Effects, Policies and Prospects† Dominick Salvatore, Journal of Politics Society, Columbia University1110 Words   |  5 Pagespossib le to avoid the recession: introduced stimulus packages, lowered interest rates, capitalized banks but, their efforts only succeeded in preventing a deeper recession or depression. The outcome of the last financial crisis is evident to all: stock markets crashed all over the world in 2008, the capitalization of banks was cut by more than half, the entire U.S. investment banking sector as we had known it disappeared, all advanced countries fell into the â€Å"Great Recession† (the deepest of the post-warRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The 1930 S1476 Words   |  6 PagesMy research paper will compare and contrast the great depression of the 1930’s and the great recession in the United State of America. First, I’ll make a general overview of each of these two different periods and then focus on certain specific aspects during these different times. This will include the causes to the economic recessions witnessed, impacts of the economic recessions and the solu tions that were introduced. When talking about any topic regarding American history, it would be hard notRead MoreThe Central Banking Authority Of The United States And Is Responsible For Regulating Monetary Policy Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesThe Federal Reserve is the central banking authority of the United States and is responsible for regulating monetary policy. The Federal Reserve’s main goal is to focus on price stability when creating monetary policies. Along with this, they must also keep in mind high employment and output stability, economic growth, stability of financial markets, interest-rate stability and stability in foreign exchange markets. They do this with the intention to help the economy as a whole, not one specificRead MoreMonetary Vs. Fiscal Policy1012 Words   |  5 Pagescomes time to decide on what actions we want to take, whether they are monetary or fiscal. Monetary policy is the process of the monetary authorities of a country primarily controlling the supply of money available, often targeting a certain rate of interest for the main purpose of promoting economic growth and stability. The Main Official goals usually include relatively stable prices with low unemployment. Discretionary monetary policy on the other hand, uses the Federal Reserve to increase theRead MoreUnderstanding Capitalism And The Need For Government Intervention2114 Words   |  9 Pagesof John Maynard Keynes in The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, we can better understand how a capitalistic system functions, how it should function properly with or without government intervention, and how these perspectives fit within the context of international economic history. The market system is defined as having no central guidance, just a system of producing and exchanging goods, motivated by personal interests. In A Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith focused on the increasingRead MoreThe Problem Of The Student Loan Bubble990 Words   |  4 Pagesgetting worse. College is supposed to be an avenue to allow students to explore interests and prepare themselves to eventually enter into the workforce after graduating and for adult life in gerenal. (Hofstra mission statement) In recent years, the ladder has not held true, and the increasing debt on student borrowers does not it make it any easier. Many recent graduates are still feeling the sting of the 2008 recession in the job market. Although the market is steadily improving, average wagesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Eurozone s Inflation1909 Words   |  8 PagesThe article â€Å"Eurozone’s Drop In Inflation Carries More Fears Of Another Recession† from the New York Times, written by Jack Ewing, discussed of how inflation has dropped in the Eurozone to its lowest rate for nearly five years and the threat of Europe falling into deflation leading to another recession. The optimal or ideal inflation rate for Europe is at 2% and with its inflation rate dropping down to alm ost 0% borderline, more pressure is being added to the Europe Central Bank. Europe must comeRead MoreAnalysis of New Ideas from Dead Economists Essay1261 Words   |  6 Pagesgrow and become what it is today. Economics started with the ideas of Adam Smith. He is credited as the first true economist. He had never taught nor took a class in economics. In his book The Wealth of Nations Smith alludes to the idea that self interest motives allows a nation to prosper entirely. People do something in order to gain something. Without any gain, people would be hesitant to start business or political ventures. These acts of selfishness make for a successful nation. From this ideasRead MoreGovernment s Role Of Managing Instability2340 Words   |  10 PagesUnemployment increases, the rate of inflation rises faster than it should etc. All these factors combined bring short-run instability in an economy. All of these elements play a major role in creating economic issues in a country (Trading Economics, 2016). Generally, every country has their own rules and regulations to control all these economic factors. If the rate of inflation increases excessively then it gradually increases the level of unem ployment by creating an economic recession (Leijonhufvud, 2000)

Business Ethics Virtue Ethics Resource

Question: Describe about the Business Ethics for Virtue Ethics Resource. Answer: Introduction This study has been aimed to the concept of ethics of a business. In this case, this study has been chosen a company namely Belgium Brewing Company. The sustainable social responsibility of this company has been discussed. Moreover, this study has tried to demonstrate the environmental issues, which have been addressed by the mentioned company. In this purpose, it can be observed that New Belgium Brewing is willing to focus to the consumption of energy (Audi 2012). On the other hand, New Belgium Brewing has been aimed and followed three Rs strategy in order to reduce the carbon do oxide emission. This study is also helpful to identify the reason why this organisation has been taken the greatest stance regarding the sustainability. As a result, it can be recognised that New Belgium Brewing can focus to the entire business supply chain approach (Bardy, Drew and Kennedy 2012). In order to discuss the competitive advantage of this company, this study has demonstrated that this company has aimed to maintain the brand and good quality in its production process. This reflects the business to maintain and hold better position compared to the other companies (Becker 2012). On the other hand, this study is helpful to identify and understand the New Belgium Brewing's actions and indicatives. In this purpose, this study has demonstrated that the company has aimed to develop a long term relationship with the consumers of the business. On the other hand, this study has aimed to develop the ethical culture, which can be significantly discussed the company's social responsible behaviour of the business (Beverungen, Dunne and Hoedemaekers 2013). What environmental issues does the New Belgium Brewing Company work to address? How does New Belgium Brewing Company taken a strategic approach to addressing these issues? Discuss the reason why the company has been taken a strong stance toward sustainability According to DesJardins and McCall (2014), New Belgium Brewing company would like to focus to the energy consumption along with the wastage of landfill, water utilisation and its wastage, It also addressed to the emission of the green house gas, which has been produced by the production procedure (Bardy, Drew and Kennedy 2012). New Belgium Brewing included the specified strategic approach, which can address the issues such as cost efficient as well as the energy saving factors in order to conduct the organisational business. As a result, the business can effectively reduce the effect of the atmosphere. In this connection, Dunfee and Nagayasu (2013) opined that this company mainly focused to the reduction of the carbon dioxide emission and therefore, it took the help of wind power, which could effectively diminish the carbon dioxide emission. Therefore, it can be identified that the biggest personal array of solar energy in Colorado could manufacture approximately 200 kilowatts of pow er. In addition, these capabilities could effectively reduce the consumption of energy. On the other hand, in the words of Edum-Fotwe and Thorpe (2015), New Belgium Brewing considered the steam condenser in order to utilise the hot water in the manufacturing procedure. This reutilisation of the warm water is useful for the extra brewing and also for heating the tiles of the floors. The energy of New Belgium Brewing is used for brewing the kettle as well as lightens up the facilities in order to minimise the overall using of the energy resources at the time of the peak hours. On the other hand, Giacalone and Promislo (2013) pointed that New Belgium Brewing seeks to lower down the effect on the environment. Therefore, New Belgium Brewing devoted into the wind turbine. New Belgium Brewing has implemented a steam condenser, which can capture and can reutilise warm water in order to boil the barley (Gupta 2014). More precisely, it can be concluded that New Belgium Brewing aimed to address three basic environmental issues. These issues are cost efficient energy and the energy saver, which can formulate the business of New Belgium Brewing and can diminish the effect on the atmosphere. The other two issues are such as recycling and the reuse, and the green development process. In order to control these three mentioned environmental issues, Hartman, DesJardins and MacDonald (2014) mentioned that New Belgium Brewing has been initiated three Rs whereas three R include the reduce, reutilisation and the recycle. As per these three R principles, New Belgium Brewing ha s started the uses of wind turbine as it can effectively diminish the emissions of carbon di oxide gas (Hoffman, Frederick and Schwartz 2014). On the other hand, New Belgium Brewing bought kettle as well as store-spent barley, so that the local farmers can get the benefit. After that, these local farmers feed their pigs or to the other animals (Hartman, DesJardins and MacDonald 2014). Next, they turn the wastewater for utilisation. With this water, they used it for harvested fish food. As a result, the employees of New Belgium Brewing would get the benefit as they get the permission of using the alternatives transportation. In the points of Holland and Albrecht (2013), New Belgium Brewing was able to achieve the sustainability and can recycles approximately 9 percent of the overall wastages. Lastly, the mentioned organisation tried to enhance the capacity of canning by approximately 6 times. In this context, it can be mentioned that each of the canning capacity is able to inject low er rate of carbon di oxide (Jennings 2014). On the other hand, in order to save water, New Belgium Brewing apply a strategy for which New Belgium Brewing can enhance the methane gas. In addition, it can be observed that with this approach only 20 percent less water can be used compared to the other brewing organisations. In this case, New Belgium Brewing can decrease the wastages during the manufacturing process. Instead of this, Koslowski (2013) added that the wastages bottles can be recycled during the manufacturing procedure. In a synopsis, after analysis the scenario, it can be stated that the dissatisfaction level of the employees can be identified and based on this study, the environmental issues have been addressed, through which the employees satisfaction level can be improved. In this connection, Lampe and Engleman-Lampe (2012) opined that to make a profitable brewery, New Belgium Brewing organisation has aimed to the core valuation. In addition, New Belgium Brewing has focused to the world-class beer production. In this respect, New Belgium Brewing Company has focused to the quality of the products and adapted new, efficient and innovative technique. According to Martin and Parmar (2012), New Belgium Brewing has considered the strong stance towards sustainability in order to enrich the society as well as to the business environment. This could lead a successful business to pay off in the long run. In addition, in order to motivate the organisations overall supply chain, New Belgium Brewing has appl ied sustainability purchasing techniques. These techniques help the business to identify the eco friendly suppliers (Nica 2013). After the identification, the business would be able to work with the suppliers to maintain the eco friendly sustainability during the overall value chain approach. As is can be observed that the employees of New Belgium Brewing are looking for the zero emissions, therefore, Nicolaescu (2013) mentioned that sustainable business would reflect the business environments cycle and the industry. On the other hand, it can be stated that New Belgium Brewing could minimise the entire resource consumption as well as could maximise the allocation of energy. After that, the recycling of the wastage materials could be proceeded (Hoffman, Frederick and Schwartz 2014). Discuss the reason whether New Belgium has been focused on social responsibility provides a competitive advantage for the company In the points of Rutherford et al. (2012), it can be stated that New Belgium Brewing has aimed to the social responsibility and it provided the key competitive advantage to the organisation. In this connection, it can be mentioned that New Belgium Brewing has focused to the performance of the social performance (Bardy, Drew and Kennedy 2012). The business has been seeking to improve the communities. In this purpose, the company tried to increase the live of the citizens with the help of the different factors such as event sponsorship, philanthropic involvement and therefore, the company can earn 1 per cent of profit (Santoro and Strauss 2012). In addition, New Belgium Brewing tried to maintain community Bulletin board in order to identify the community's problem. Moreover, this bulletin board is also helpful to understand the difficulties regarding the community involvement functions as well as the proposals. Therefore, Su (2014) opined that New Belgium Brewing is familiar for two factors. The first factor is high quality and the second factor is commitment regarding sustainability. On the other hand, it can be stated that New Belgium Brewing provide the business a competitive advantage. As a result, it can be demonstrated that the customers are looking for the good and high quality of products what they want to purchase. Trong Tuan (2012) identified that the most important asset of New Belgium Brewing is its position and its image. This image is seemed to be beneficial in order to maintain the belief of its consumers that the company maintain its quality as well as the responsibility towards the business (Weiss 2014). For these reasons, it can be concluded that New Belgium Brewing has been experiencing more competitive advantage relative to the other business. On the other hand, New Belgium Brewing tried to maintain the greater quality of brand in its manufacturing procedure. The manufacturing products by the company are environmental friendly. As per the statement of West (2014), New Belgium Brewing is at the first position among the eco friendly business industry. Moreover, it can be observed that in order to maintain the position, New Belgium has organised organisational meeting (Beverungen, Dunne and Hoedemaekers 2013). In this meeting, the employees, managers and the workers have tried to discuss the sustainability ideas, the stock of the natural resources which is helpful to make the business. New Belgium Brewing has aimed to improve the skills of the employees as well as the workers and also tried to learn new approaches and techniques (Bardy, Drew and Kennedy 2012). This company also endeavoured the cost efficient and energy saving strategy in order to generate the business. The company can also reduce the adverse impact into the e nvironment. This also helps to raise the core valuation, business ethics (Beverungen, Dunne and Hoedemaekers 2013). As a result, the workers are willing to invest in the wind turbine and it can be stated that New Belgium Brewing has acquired the first position in the United Stated as wind powered brewery. According to DesJardins and McCall (2014), New Belgium Brewing is helpful to estimate the non essential operational activities and is able to save the power (Giacalone and Promislo 2013). The system and the operational function of the can capture the waste water. In addition, with the help of this system, the company can provide the brewery power necessity and can reduce the strain to the local municipal water. Furthermore, Dunfee and Nagayasu (2013) cited that New Belgium Brewing has followed the green building technology. In the year of 2002, the sun tubes as well as the day lighting reflects to reuse to heat the Brew houses (DesJardins and McCall 2014). As a result, it can be mentioned that New Belgium Brewing has aimed to hold a significant position and is able to achieve the sustainability. The business objective of this company is to utilise 3.5 gallons water in order to prepare 1 gallon beer. Giacalone and Promislo (2013) added that this amount is lower compared to the other brewing companies. In addition, New Belgium Brewing recycles the wastes approximately 99.9 per cent and from the renewable resources, around 100 per cent of the electricity has been come. New Belgium Brewing implements the life cycle measurements, which in turn is helpful to estimate the packaging components (Hartman, DesJardins and MacDonald 2014). Discuss whether New Belgiums actions and initiatives are indicative of a socially responsible corporation It can be seen that New Belgium Brewing has been suffering from the increased competition with the other brewing companies. New Belgium faced the competition against the traditional breweries (Hoffman, Frederick and Schwartz 2014). Therefore, New Belgium Brewing is able to engage with the environmental scanning. In addition, this company also has the competitive advantage, which is beneficial during the time of the competition around the improving competitive atmosphere. On the other hand, New Belgium Brewing required to belief the core valuation at the time of improvement. In order to discuss the reason, Holland and Albrecht (2013) mentioned that this specific company does not need to lose the aim when the competition is seemed to strong. Therefore, it can be stated that New Belgium Brewing requires to maintain a long term relationship with the consumers and for this the company can establish the consumer intimacy as well as can focus to the social responsibility in case of the making of superior beer. Moreover, Lampe and Engleman-Lampe (2012) added that although New Belgium has tried to maintain the brand image in terms to the creation of company's social responsibility, this company has achieved the Environmental achievement award. It is helpful to motivate the business of the company (Edum-Fotwe and Thorpe 2015). As a result, this in turn reflect the company to improve the performance of the business. Moreover, New Belgium Brewing can easily achieve the business objectives and can reach to the goal. In the words of Martin and Parmar (2012), instead of the improvement in environmentally friendly techniques, this company tried to improve and increase the communities as well as the live of the people. Hence, the workers of the company has focused to maintain a partnership with the humanity in order to develop the building. The employees who lost their house, can live there (Santoro and Strauss 2012). The funding decisions have been taken by the philanthropy committee of New Belgium Brewing include the production workers. In addition, this company is also looking for the non profit organisation. This in turn able to focus to the creativity along with the diversity and innovative technique as it will be helpful to accomplish the business goals, objectives and business mission. As per the statement of Trong Tuan (2012), the philanthropy committee reflects to the incorporated community involvement into the business of the company at their manufacturing procedure. On the other hand, Lampe and Engleman-Lampe (2012) mentioned that New Belgium Brewing also supports the number of events, which helps to the employees to improve the involvement and it can also minimise the environmental damages. Moreover, Holland and Albrecht (2013) mentioned that the company's success also depend upon the role of the workers. This section is helpful to recognise whether the company is socially responsible or not. Therefore, it can be observed that the organisation is concerned about the citizenship within the communities and make a strong bond with the customers (Hoffman, Frederick and Schwartz 2014). Instead of this, New Belgium has tried to maintain the corporate social responsibility, which is helpful to enhance the momentum. This would effectively increase the valuation of the business of the company. According to Hartman, DesJardins and MacDonald (2014), New Belgium Brewing has followed the triple bottom line technique in the manufacturing process. This traditional bottom line technique is able to estimate how the business is successful or not. In this connection, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of the business. Furthermore, the financial performance reflect to estimate the position of the business. In this respect, Martin and Parmar (2012) added that New Belgium Brewing has also show it's interest in order to recognise the profitability statement, working capacity etc. The employees also tried to perform highly in order to develop the organisational vision and accountability. In addition, the workers are provided organisational training in order to recognise the manufacturing procedure (Dunfee and Nagayasu 2013). Conclusion This study is helpful to understand the concept of business ethics. In this purpose, this study has been considered New Belgium Brewing company. This study is also very important to understand the business culture and environment of the mentioned company. Firstly, this study has focused to the environmental issues of New Belgium brewing company in order to address the working capacity. In this connection, this study has identified that the company developed and followed three R's strategy. The environmental issues are the cost efficiency level, which can conserve the energy. On the other hand, to diminish the environmental issues, the company has adapted the recycling and the green building approaches, which has been discussed in this study. As a result, this study is beneficial to discuss the strategic approach, which can effectively address the mentioned issues. In a synopsis, it can be stated that New Belgium Brewing mainly focus to reduce the emission of carbon di oxide. On the other hand, this study is helpful to identify the social responsibility, which can significantly discuss the key competitive advantage of the organisation. In this purpose, after the analysis, it can be observed that New Belgium Brewing focused to the greater quality and the commitment regarding the sustainability. After the analysis, it can be also observed that the company has aimed to provide facilities for the employees. New Belgium Brewing has higher competitive advantage compared to the other companies. Lastly, this study is helpful to identify the social activities and roles, which is important to understand the New Belgium company's actions. Reference Audi, R., 2012. Virtue ethics as a resource in business.Business Ethics Quarterly,22(02), pp.273-291. Bardy, R., Drew, S. and Kennedy, T.F., 2012. Foreign investment and ethics: How to contribute to social responsibility by doing business in less-developed countries.Journal of Business Ethics,106(3), pp.267-282. Becker, G.K. ed., 2012.Ethics in business and society: Chinese and western perspectives. Springer Science Business Media. Beverungen, A., Dunne, S. and Hoedemaekers, C., 2013. The financialisation of business ethics.Business Ethics: A European Review,22(1), pp.102-117. DesJardins, J.R. and McCall, J.J., 2014.Contemporary issues in business ethics. Cengage Learning. Dunfee, T.W. and Nagayasu, Y. eds., 2013.Business ethics: Japan and the global economy(Vol. 5). Springer Science Business Media. Edum-Fotwe, B.G.K.F. and Thorpe, A.P.T., 2015. The application of causality to construction business ethics.business ethics,10(3), pp.550-568. Giacalone, R.A. and Promislo, M.D., 2013. Broken when entering: The stigmatization of goodness and business ethics education.Academy of Management Learning Education,12(1), pp.86-101. Gupta, A.D., 2014. Ethics in Business Practice: Accounting. InBusiness Ethics(pp. 115-129). Hartman, L.P., DesJardins, J.R. and MacDonald, C., 2014.Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. McGraw-Hill. Hoffman, W.M., Frederick, R.E. and Schwartz, M.S. eds., 2014.Business ethics: Readings and cases in corporate morality. John Wiley Sons. Holland, D. and Albrecht, C., 2013. The worldwide academic field of business ethics: Scholars perceptions of the most important issues.Journal of business ethics,117(4), pp.777-788. Jennings, M.M., 2014.Business ethics: Case studies and selected readings. Cengage Learning. Koslowski, P. ed., 2013.Contemporary economic ethics and business ethics. Springer Science Business Media. Lampe, M. and Engleman-Lampe, C., 2012. Mindfulness-based business ethics education.Academy of Educational Leadership Journal,16(3), p.99. Martin, K. and Parmar, B., 2012. Assumptions in decision making scholarship: Implications for business ethics research.Journal of Business Ethics,105(3), pp.289-306. Nica, E., 2013. Social Responsibility, Corporate Welfare, and Business Ethics.Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management,1(1), pp.9-14. Nicolaescu, E., 2013. Business Ethics, Corporate Governance, and Social Responsibility.Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management,1(1), pp.86-93. Rutherford, M.A., Parks, L., Cavazos, D.E. and White, C.D., 2012. Business ethics as a required course: Investigating the factors impacting the decision to require ethics in the undergraduate business core curriculum.Academy of Management Learning Education,11(2), pp.174-186. Santoro, M.A. and Strauss, R.J., 2012.Wall street values: business ethics and the global financial crisis. Cambridge University Press. Su, H.Y., 2014. Business ethics and the development of intellectual capital.Journal of Business Ethics,119(1), pp.87-98. Trong Tuan, L., 2012. The linkages among leadership, trust, and business ethics.Social Responsibility Journal,8(1), pp.133-148. Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. West, A., 2014. Ubuntu and business ethics: Problems, perspectives and prospects.Journal of Business Ethics,121(1), pp.47-61.'

Middle Ages As The Age Of Faith Essays - Christianization

Middle Ages As The Age Of Faith? Is it accurate to refer to the Middle Ages as the Age of Faith? The Middle Ages is often referred to as the Age of Faith and it is correct to do so, as during this period religion dominated all aspects of life from architecture, literature, art and music. The dominant religion during this period was Christianity. The middle ages saw the emergence of Christian literary forms a popular religious culture centred around processions, icons, and relics (George Holmes 42). The crusades were wars fought in the name of God or holy wars. The first of the crusades began in 1095 when Pope Urban the second received an appeal for help from Alexius the first, the Byzantine Emperor. Alexius wanted Urbans help against the Turks, a race alienated from God. It was seen as ones Christian duty to fight against these infidels. The church offered material advantages to those who chose to join the Crusades, to save Christian shrines and lands from Muslims. It was also preached, by renowned clergymen that men who joined would have more favour with God. St. Bernard said about the crusades Rejoiceif you live and conquer in the Lord, but exalt and glory even more if you die and join the Lord (H.G. Koenigsberger 187). The crusades brought many benefits; food, textiles and also the spread of Islamic science and art, which would greatly benefit Europe who, was somewhat behind. The quest for knowledge was rejuvenated with the growth of cathedral schools. However church schools could only teach so much. Universities grew due to the formation of guilds of teachers and pupils and also because of finance from the church and the wealthy. The University of Paris was the largest of its time specialising in liberal arts. These schools sparked a return to philosophy. Scholastism was the philosophy of the church, where the church and its teachings were the ultimate authority. However philosophical disputes soon arose, this was known as the battle of Universals. One position was called the Realist position. This was the idea that body and soul were separate. The soul goes to its ideal realisation, heaven, there is no need to worry about the material world. The opposing argument was known as the Nominalalist position, that physical were the only reality (Robert E. Lamm 212). The middle ground between these two arguments was known as Conceptualism, put forth by Peter Ab elard, it suggests that reality as idea exists only in the sense-apparent object (Robert E. Lamm 213). Monasticism was a way of life for those who thought everyday life too sinful, and decided to devote themselves to God, either communally in the monastery or lavriote, a life of solitude. St Benedict around five hundred and forty AD set down rules which were to become the basis for monastic life in the Catholic church; poverty, obedience, chastity, and work. In these monasteries theology was preserved. A different form of monasticism developed in Ireland due to the fact it was isolated from the rest of Europe. Monks were more like the hermits of Egypt rather those of Roman Christianity. Scholarship developed in these monasteries, also a new form of art called Hiberno-Saxon. These monasteries kept literacy skills alive. Monks would transcribe and decorate sacred texts by hand. Such texts include the Book of Kells and the Lindisfaire Gospels. Religion also played a part in revolutionising the arts, language and literature were revived. Numerous accounts of the crusades were written in various languages, such as Geoffrey de Villehordouins of the forth crusade written in French, the first text in French of its kind and Seigneur de Jounvilles History of Saint Louis. Another famous literary work was Dantes Divine Comedy, written during the High Middle Ages. In this work Dante discusses all level of being; hell, purgatory, and paradise. In this work he explains his ultimate goal as a man, a union with God, or the achievement of a heavenly state. Religious life also influence architecture. Architecture was rejuvenated around one thousand AD and became the main artistic focus of the time. Architecture progressed from Romanesque Style to Gothic Style, with their origins in the Carolingian Renaissance. One thousand AD marked the beginning of

Traditional Chinese Houses essays

Traditional Chinese Houses essays Chinese architecture is most famous for the Great Wall of China. However, there are many other remarkable structures. Chinese houses reflect a tradition of craft and symbolism that echoes that of Chinas great monumental architecture. Besides showing the connection between architecture and daily life of Chinese people in the past, they also reveal Chinese cosmology and beliefs in concrete and practical terms. Housing is the first response of human. As human must regularly lie down to sleep, and most of us sleep deeply enough to become oblivious to our surroundings, a safe sleeping place is very important to us. Houses do not only provide the shelter, they also provide spaces for us to cook our food, store our properties, have some leisure and care children There are many types of Chinese houses. Some examples are northern houses, southern houses, subterranean or cave housing and courtyard houses. Most Chinese houses share some common features. The ridgepole of most houses is arranged in an east-west direction. The facade is then oriented so that the doors and windows face south. This is for maximum light and warmth. Besides, according to Confucian principles, parents, their unmarried children, their married sons with their families all live under the same roof. Therefore, in one house there might be four or five generations. Rich families have servants who live in the house, too. North China is a region of continental climate in which there is great disparity between summer and winter temperatures, with ranges usually exceed 30C. Rainfall is generally below 50 millimeters and is concentrated mostly in the summer. Dry winter winds together with spring dust storms pummel much of the region from the north and north-west for more than six months of each year. The typical north Chinese rural dwelling is a small one-story rectangle with a depth of only a single room that responds well to th...

Asian-Americans and College Admissions

Higher education in the United States is still the main purpose of society. It will be the most important way of social mobility and economic independence and will reward people of all backgrounds and races. However, American universities have undergone intense changes emphasizing the advantages of providing higher education for certain privileged races, limiting the quotas of other Asian Americans. As predecessors of the 1920s denied the existence of Jewish quota, senior officials at Harvard University, Yale University, Princeton University, and other Ivy League schools today declared the existence of Asian Quotas I strongly deny it. (Unz) However, statistical evidence suggests other As an Asian American activist I am skeptical of Harvard's lawsuit against unequal treatment of Asian Americans at university entrance. This case was proposed by advocacy groups for students' fair enrollment and was meant to represent my interests, which was a serious mistake. During the first year at Ya le University I learned the activities that the first year students stood together and the counselor set the goal to read cards that would not have me. If the prompt matches your background, the student goes ahead. Some tips are easy; Others ask for serious life experiences like discrimination, hunger or violence This is not the first time that the Harvard incident was accused of discriminating against students in Asia. In the 1980s, student activists pointed out that despite the rapid increase in the number of Asian Americans during college years, the admission rate of Asian American universities is still sluggish. They believe that this stagnation is mainly due to prejudice of entrance practices. This is relatively beneficial for Caucasian applicants, with relatively few Asian American enrollment. Due to these complaints, an internal survey on entrance exercises at Stanford University, Harvard University, Princeton University, and University of California, Berkeley was held. Sever al schools like Berkeley believe that they are doing nothing bad and that Asian American students are over-represented in their common population in the United States.

From relative isolation to international role Essay

From relative isolation to international role - Essay Example The term ‘Imperialism’ is normally used when a nation enters into another geographical territory and captures its governance, with the intention to dominate it and also to tap from it. The late 19th – early 20th century was characterized by the spread of imperialism in the world. The US incorporated imperialism in its foreign policies to expand its political and economic influences. They did that through its involvement in the World Wars and also through other initiatives in the first half of the 20th century. This wish of US to play a prominent international role continued primarily after 1950’s, with its confrontation with Soviet Union through Cold War, Cuban Missile crisis, Vietnam War, Afghan War and with its involvement in the Middle-East, etc, etc. Importantly because of those actions, its role in the international affairs got strengthened and so US continues to play a major International role. Naturally, in such a situation the countries against whom those imperialistic policies were followed were affected and importantly even the American citizens were also affected because of US’ international role. The wish to expand the borders through imperialism rose in the minds of the US mainly to keep the country in top ranks. It all started with its indirect confrontation with Spain in foreign territories like Philippines in the late part of 19th century. That is, with many European countries particularly Britain, Spain, Netherlands, France, etc., expanding their influence throughout the world through their imperialist policies, America not to be left behind started exhibiting imperialistic policies to garner many territories. However, America did not engage in any confrontation with imperialistic mindset against the British, but they did engage against Spain. The Spanish–American War happened mainly because of American involvement in the Cuban War of Independence, and

Leadership concepts Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Leadership concepts - Dissertation Example This paper seeks to discuss seven notable leadership concepts, different ethical aspects of the concepts as well as how I plan to incorporate the leadership concepts in my leadership development. Leadership traits entail personal characteristics that make an individual to be effective in his or her leadership process. According to the research that has been conducted by various scholars, successful leaders are different from other people based on the personal aspects that positively contribute to the success. This implies that an organization must be at a position of identifying the key traits possessed by their leaders in order to come up with unique ways of leader selection, training as well as other skills development aspects. One of the major leader’s traits is being determined and strong drive. Individual with high level of determination tend to extensively pursue their goals as well as working for long hours. Additionally, leaders who are determined are in a better posit ion to formulate sustainable solutions. Self-confidence is another major trait that makes an individual a successful leader. Some of the major aspects that are related to self-confidence include emotional stability, self-esteem and self-assurance among others. A leader who has self confidence is not only in a position to build trust among the workers but also he or she is able to create the spirit of commitment among the team members. As an individual who has self confidence, my future leadership plan will entail sharing these values with my followers.

As Gass To Cars :: essays papers

As Gass To Cars As gas to cars, food is human’s source of energy. If there is no food there is no energy,If there is no energy the body cannot work, in other words, dies. But the concept of food has changed throughout history. In fact, the concept of food in one period differs from one place to the other and from one class to another. Food serves from a surviving necessity, to a luxury, to a consolation of the soul. Personally, I think that people today have forgotten about the main function of food, and instead of eating to live they live to eat. A lot of people today say that they only eat to survive. They justify their opinion by saying that they eat when they are hungry and hunger is a signal from the body saying that it is in need of energy. I do not agree with them. For example, I think that people today are answering the call of cravings rather than that of hunger. Also, I think that a lot of people today eat to sooth their souls rather than their bodies. Furthermore, considering what people are putting in their bodies as a source of energy makes you expect a chemical explosion. Firstly, if people were eating to satisfy true hunger, then they would settle with anything that they could put in their mouths and fill their tummies with. But no, today their body is calling for chocolate, yesterday their body was in need of a source of energy imported from China, and who knows what will happen next? Maybe tomorrow their body won’t function with anything less than Italian gas. Secondly, today a lot of people seek comfort in food. When people feel empty inside, they try to fill up that emptiness with food. On a personal level, when I’m feeling down I always think that a chocolate bar or a couple scoops if ice cream would pick me up. When I’m feeling excited or hyper, I look for potato chips or salted crackers. And when I feel tense or under pressure, I feel the need of a combination of both sweets and salties. Thirdly, sometimes you are just shocked at what people eat and the amounts they take. Come on, nobody needs all that energy even if they are going to jog all around the world.

Family And Kinship In India

India offers astounding variety in virtually every aspect of social life. Diversities of ethnic, linguistic, regional, economic, religious, class, and caste groups crosscut Indian society, which is also permeated with immense urban-rural differences and gender distinctions. Differences between north India and south India are particularly significant, especially in systems of kinship and marriage. Indian society is multifaceted to an extent perhaps unknown in any other of the world’s great civilizations—it is more like an area as varied as Europe than any other single nation-state.Adding further variety to contemporary Indian culture are rapidly occurring changes affecting various regions and socioeconomic groups in disparate ways. Yet, amid the complexities of Indian life, widely accepted cultural themes enhance social harmony and order. Many Indian societies were organized around principles of kinship. Kinship ties based on bloodlines or marriage formed the basis of th e political, economic, and religious system. Succession to political office and religious positions, ownership and inheritance of property, and even whom one could or could not marry were determined on the basis of membership in a kin group.Social bonds with relatives must be reinforced at family events or at rites crucial to the religious community. Indian Society Hierarchy India is a hierarchical society. Whether in north India or south India, Hindu or Muslim, urban or village, virtually all things, people, and social groups are ranked according to various essential qualities. Although India is a political democracy, notions of complete equality are seldom evident in daily life. Societal hierarchy is evident in caste groups, amongst individuals, and in family and kinship groups.Castes are primarily associated with Hinduism, but caste-like groups also exist among Muslims, Indian, Christians, and other religious communities. Within most villages or towns, everyone knows the relative rankings of each locally represented caste, and behavior is constantly shaped by this knowledge. Individuals are also ranked according to their wealth and power. For example, some powerful people, or â€Å"big men,† sit confidently on chairs, while â€Å"little men† come before them to make requests, either standing or squatting not presuming to sit beside a man of high status as an equal.Hierarchy plays an important role within families and kinship groupings also, where men outrank women of similar age, and senior relatives outrank junior relatives. Formal respect is accorded family members—for example, in northern India, a daughter-in-law shows deference to her husband, to all senior in-laws, and to all daughters of the household. Siblings, too, recognize age differences, with younger siblings addressing older siblings by respectful terms rather than by name. Social Interdependence One of the great themes pervading Indian life is social interdependence.People are born into groups–families, clans, sub castes, castes, and religious communities–and live with a constant sense of being part of and inseparable from these groups. A corollary is the notion that everything a person does properly involves interaction with other people. A person's greatest dread, perhaps, is the possibility of being left alone, without social support, to face the necessary challenges of life. This sense of interdependence is extended into the theological realm: the very shape of a person's life is seen as being greatly influenced by divine beings with whom an ongoing relationship must be maintained.Psychologically, family members typically experience intense emotional interdependence. Economic activities, too, are deeply imbedded in a social nexus. Through a multitude of kinship ties, each person is linked with kin in villages and towns near and far. Almost everywhere a person goes; he can find a relative from whom he can expect moral and practical s upport. In every activity, social ties can help a person and the absence of them can bring failure. Seldom do people carry out even the simplest tasks on their own. When a small child eats, his mother puts the food into his mouth with her own hand.When a girl brings water home from the well in pots on her head, someone helps her unload the pots. A student hopes that an influential relative or friend can facilitate his college admission. A young person anticipates that parents will arrange his or her marriage. Finally, a person facing death expects that relatives will conduct the proper funeral rites ensuring his own smooth passage to the next stage of existence and reaffirming social ties among mourners. This sense of interdependence extends into the theological realm.From birth onward, a child learns that his â€Å"fate† has been â€Å"written† by divine forces and that his life is shaped by powerful deities with whom an ongoing relationship must be maintained. Social interaction is regarded as being of the highest priority, and social bonds are expected to be long lasting. Even economic activities that might in Western culture involve impersonal interactions are in India deeply imbedded in a social nexus. All social interaction involves constant attention to hierarchy, respect, honor, the feelings of others, rights and obligations, hospitality, and gifts of food, clothing, and other desirable items.Finely tuned rules of etiquette help facilitate each individual's many social relationships. . Indian Family structure . Indian family structure is believed to be the unit that teaches the values and worth of an honest living that have been carried down across generations. Since the puranic ages, Indian family structure was that of a joint family indicating every person of the same clan living together. However, this idea of elaborate living had been disintintegrated in smaller family units. The essential themes of Indian cultural life are learned wi thin the bosom of a family.The joint family is highly valued, ideally  consisting of several generations residing, working, eating, and worshiping together. Such families include men related through the male line, along with their wives, children, and unmarried daughters. A wife usually lives with her husband’s relatives, although she retains important bonds with her natal family. Even in rapidly modernizing India, the traditional joint household remains for most Indians the primary social force, in both ideal and practice. Large families tend to be flexible and well suited to modern Indian life, especially for the more than two-thirds of Indians who are involved in agriculture.As in most primarily agricultural societies, cooperating kin help provide mutual economic security. The joint family is also common in cities, where kinship ties are often crucial to obtaining employment or financial assistance. Many prominent families, such as the Tatas, Birlas, and Sarabhais, retai n joint family arrangements as they cooperate in controlling major financial empires The ancient ideal of the joint family retains its power, but today actual living arrangements vary widely. Many Indians live in nuclear families—-a couple with their unmarried children—-but belong to strong networks of beneficial kinship ties.Often, clusters of relatives live as neighbors, responding readily to their kinship obligations. As they expand, joint families typically divide into smaller units, which gradually grow into new joint families, continuing a perpetual cycle. Today, some family members may move about to take advantage of job opportunities, typically sending money home to the larger family. FAMILY TRANSFORMATION An Analytical look on various studies: by different sociologist point of views The Study of family in India centers on the debate of joint family versus nuclear family.The first authentic study on family comes from the writings of Sir Henry Maine, who was law adviser to the colonial government of India. He developed intellectual interest in family studies. He indicated that joint family is characterized by: †¢ Common property holding. †¢ Absolute authority of ‘Karta’. He considered that joint family is corporate unit where people make contribution differently but share rewards on the basis of their needs. He said that joint family sustains in India because it is considered as moral institution with the members are obliged to perform rituals for common dead ancestorsGS Ghurye considered that ‘joint family is a product of Indian culture that glorified classical values. There is universal presence of joint family cutting across caste, religion which promoted unity among people in Indian society. PN Prabhu in his analysis of family and kinship in India considers that individual association with joint family is driven by moralist, therefore when morals is replaced by individualism (when tradition is replaced by m odernity) then joint family is transformed into nuclear family.Irawati Karve offered an exhaustive definition of joint family. She writes that joint family refers to a social group where people belonging to 3 – 4 generations organically related to each other, hold property in common, share common residence, eat food prepared in common kitchen, participate in common rituals and ceremonies and they have, obligations towards the head of the family known as ‘Karta’. She considers that joint family is a product of culture and therefore despite economic transformation joint family system persists in India.It sustains itself as it is driven by cultural ideology rather than driven by economic interest. During 1960s two group of sociologist took considerable interest in the field of family study. One group conforming to modern theory looked into complete integration of joint family system whereas the other group went for empirical studies to examine regional variations in family transformation under the various process of modernity. These two theories cannot be considered as qualitatively different because there position stand vary only on the question of the degree of changes in family.MN Srinivas, SC Dubay find out that there is a strong linkage between caste and joint family. Empirical study indicates that higher castes go for joint family system and lower castes go for nuclear family. Therefore joint family is driven by economic logic rather than cultural moralist. It is also noticed that joint family is not breaking down completely under the influence of urban living. Alan Rose in a study of Bangalore finds out that around 70% of families manifest either structural joint ness of functional joint ness or a mixture of both.MS Gore in his study of Agarwals of Delhi finds out that how mother – son relationship precedes over husband – wife relationship and family operates as a strong support base to its members in matters related to se lection of occupation, financial assistance and selection of mates. TN Madan indicates how residential separation has not given way to break down of joint family. In his theory of â€Å"money order economy† he indicates that family joint ness has always been enduring in case of India. Thus these scholars concluded by saying that family transformation in India is not a replica of family transformation in the West.Therefore social change in India is Indian in character and so Western theories and models cannot explain family transformation in Indian society Household dimensions of the Family Family transformation in India has puts a fundamental question that, whether in India joint household is disintegrating or joint family is disintegrating. He finds out that proportion of joint household is more today in comparison to past. He points out the reasons for the same i. e. due to rising population; construction of house has become costly, migration in search of employment etc. Bi gger joint households are now splitting into smaller households.People living in different households have strong emotional ties therefore joint household is disintegrating but not joint family and so family should be studied from household perspective and changes in household and family patterns must be investigated to examine actual nature of family transformation in India. Classical sociologists were greatly committed to family study either by considering family as cornerstone of human society or by looking into changing nature of society. With the advent of modernity it was perceived that household is a residential space but family is a social institution.However, with the rise of feminism both as an ideology and as social movement, women's approach towards marriage has gone through a series of transformation. AM Shah in his book â€Å"household dimension of the family in India† indicate that even in traditional context, household and family do not mean similar things. Ci ting the case of India he considers that family and household were absolutely different but family studies in India immensely focused attention on the transformation of joint family into nuclear family. Household refers to residential space where people living together may or may not constitute family.Looking at household pattern one could effectively study nature and form of transformation taking place in Indian society. In recent analysis of global migration and family pattern, it has been found out that in countries like Philippines and India a large chunk of women in search of employment go out to advanced countries of the world. Though most of them are married they don't stay with their family. As a result they constitute independent household. These households may constitute many friends living together or a person living with working partner to whom he/she is not married or a person living all alone.It is generally perceived in case of India that household is less durable an alternative to family system, which gives more importance to friendship than kinship. Household offer immense individual liberty, sexual freedom, limited or no liability towards the other members of the household. Thus it can be concluded that household is evolving into a replacement for family in many developing countries including India. Therefore sociology of kinship is shifting its focus from the study of marriage and family to the study of friendship and household.Sexual Division of Labour Feminist sociologists are of the opinion that whether it’s joint family or nuclear family, in no way family transformation is affecting to the status of women in India. Therefore reproduction, sexuality, division of labour are all determined by the values of patriarchy than by principles of equality. Talcott Parson indicates that industrialisation, urbanization, migration have contributed for occupational mobility, empowerment of women and gender gap within and outside family has suffi ciently been reduced.The modernist theory also indicates that in case of India relationship between husband and wife is now proceeding over parent-child relationship. Conjugal relationship is considered as more important than obligation towards kinship. Irrespective of gender every child inherits the property from parents, selection of mates is no longer family’s responsibility and childbirth is greatly a matter of economics and mutual agreement between spouse. Therefore modernity has broken down traditional form of marriage, hierarchical form of relationship.Traditionally, males have controlled key family resources, such as land or businesses, especially in high-status groups. Following traditional Hindu law, women did not inherit real estate and were thus beholden to their male kin who controlled land and buildings. Under Muslim customary law, women can—and do—inherit real estate, but their shares have typically been smaller than those of males. Modern legisla tion allows all Indian women to inherit real estate. Traditionally, for those families who could afford it, women have controlled some wealth in the form of precious jewelry.In the Indian household, lines of hierarchy and authority are clearly drawn, and ideals of conduct help maintain family harmony. [i] All family members are socialized to accept the authority of those above them in the hierarchy. The eldest male acts as family head, and his wife supervises her daughters-in-law, among whom the youngest has the least authority. Reciprocally, those in authority accept responsibility for meeting the needs of other family members. Systems of Kinship in India Kinship is considered as the heart and soul of Indian social life. DespiteIndia's exposure to technological and industrial modernity, descent plays a significant role in the life of people. GS Ghurye writes in detail about various descent groups living together in different regions of the country carrying different names and ident ities. These different lineage groups bringing together a multi-civilization thereby making India a land of pluralism. However, all these descent groups imbibe common rules of marriage, common food behavior, common cultural, religious ideology radiating from Hinduism and that made Indian society a land of diversity.Indologists look into the role of descent in defining marriage, family and kinship in India. The people belonging to similar descent group are located in a given region where they worship to their common ancestors, follow common way of life and when the size of descent group expands, they migrate to different areas but still carry their identity. Therefore caste is nothing but an expanded descent system that maintains its boundary, distinguishing itself from the other caste.Andre Beteille indicates association of man and kinship is so strong in India that voting behavior is driven by kinship rather than on the basis of merit. In all the political parties of India kinship is the primary source of political recruitment. Thus democratic polity in India is engaged in social and cultural reproduction. In case of India family/kinship offers ideological, economic, infrastructural support to individual to determine the nature of occupation.In conclusion it can be said that the role of descent and kinship not only determines the private sphere of an individual’s life like marriage, family, household, gender role, rituals but also has great influence over his public life like occupational selection, political participation and identity formation. Therefore the role of descent and kinship has changed very little under the influence of modernity in India and so while studying social transformation one cannot afford to ignore the same.Lineage system can be divided into two parts in India i.e. †¢ Unilineal systems: a system of determining descent groups in which one belongs to one's father's or mother's lineage. Both patrilineality and matrilineality are types of unilineal descent. †¢ Non-Unilineal systems: a system where there exists multiple forms of relationship. Classical anthropologists divide descent groups into two fundamental types such as: †¢ Patrilineal : inheriting or determining descent through the male line. †¢ Matrilineal : inheriting or determining descent through the female line. Types of kinship systemsKinship is a relationship between any entity that share a genealogical origin (related to family, lineage, history), through either biological, cultural, or historical descent. The first sociologist to study kinship systems in India is Irawati Karve, she divided India into four different kinship zones such as: †¢ North Indian kinship systems. †¢ South Indian kinship systems. †¢ Central Indian kinship systems. †¢ Eastern Indian kinship systems. North Indian kinship systems This kinship system is present in Hindi speaking belt and also in areas where Aryan culture influence is subs tantive.It includes West Bengal, Orissa and Bihar. In North India kinship systems, the rules of marriage is highly exhaustive because a large body of people are excluded from alliance relationship. One cannot receive women from his mother’s group or mother's mother group, father’s mother group and from within his own village. Hence exogamy is quite exhaustive and marriage involves not intra-family ties but inter-village ties. Residential system is very Virilocal (bride lives with husband's father’s group) type . In North Indian kinship father – son relationship precedes over husband – wife relationship.South Indian kinship systems This type of relationship system is largely present in all southern states and some of its influence is also largely noticed in pockets of Maharashtra and Orissa. In southern India kinship systems, no distinction is made between patrilineal or matrilineal. In case of South India cross cousins marriage take place and so ex ogamy is not exhaustive like in North India. The relationship between husband and wife is not subdued to father – son relationship as in case of North India. Hostility of relationship between the in laws driven by suspicion is also weak in South India.Central Indian kinship systems This system is practised in case of Gujarat, Maharashtra, MP which is a mixture of elements of North and South India. In case of Rajputs marriage is greatly determined on the basis of family status of girl. Rajputs are permitted to marry any girl on the basis of their choice rather than simply follow the rules of caste. Marathas are divided into 32 clans which are put into primary, secondary and tertiary divisions and so the rules of marriage are determined accordingly between various divisions.In case of â€Å"Kumbi† of Gujarat one is not supposed to marry women belonging to first-generation from father's side and three generations from mother's side. In case of Rajasthan on the auspicious day of Akshaya Tritiyamassive marriages take place involving people belonging to different age groups and their rules of marriage is sufficiently relaxed. Eastern India kinship systems It largely includes kinship patterns followed by different tribal groups like Munda of Orissa, Manipuri of Manipur, Nagas, Kukis and Khasi. These kinship systems don't follow specific patterns .A daughter carries the name of patrilineal grandmother and son carries the name of patrilineal grandfather, divorce is common among them In conclusion these regional variations in kinship largely speaks about differential residential patterns, entitlement on the basis of gender, social status of men, women and children bringing the point back home that Indian culture is largely pluralistic in character. Therefore unity in India should not be seen as destruction of the process of diversity but rather it should respect the process of diversity.CONCLUSIONGradual changes have been ushered in by religious, social, a nd cultural reforms. Industrialization, urbanization, and technological advances have been instrumental in changing family structures, values, and lifestyles. Ganeswar Misra (1995) emphasized that middle- and upper-class families in urban areas were undergoing a dramatic transformation because the younger generation is questioning power issues, traditional roles, hierarchical relationships, obligations, loyalty, and deference for kinsmen and elderly.With changing times, Indian family structure, functions, traditional division of labor, and authority patterns have altered, favoring more egalitarian relations between the husband and the wife and also a move toward more shared decision-making patterns between parents and children. Despite these changes, the fact remains that most individuals continue to value and give top priority to the family, and families continue to maintain strong kinship bonds and ties.

Canadian Waters Are Safe For Maritime Transportation

The proper utilization of Canada’s abundant supply of natural resources which need to be exported around the globe by ship is a commitment given by the Government of Canada(GoC). Federal Government has taken concrete measures to convince Canadian public that the Canadian Waters are safe for maritime transportation. Following excerpts from various web sources explained government’s position on the issue. Canada’s oil sands are a major resource within Canada’s energy sector, accounting for 97 percent of Canada’s total oil reserves. Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) is committed to developing Canada’s oil sands and heavy oil resources in a sustainable and responsible way through advances in science and technology (Oil Sands I Natural resources Canada). Canada’s oil reserves consist of oil contained in the oil sands deposits of Alberta and in other non-oil sands deposits. 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